Cartogram

This map was taken from http://bigthink.com/strange-maps/96-a-cartogram-of-the-worlds-population

This map is a good example of a cartogram.  The idea of a cartogram is to use some sort of data, like population, that is substituted for the land area in the given map.  In this example the world's population is shown for each country by changing the land mass for each country based on how big their population is.