Correlation Matrix

This map was taken from http://www.unt.edu/rss/class/Jon/SPSS_SC/Module9/M9_PCA/SPSS_M9_PCA1.htm

This is a good example of a correlation matrix.  A correlation matrix gives all possible combination of correlation between each variable.  Obviously, a correlation of a variable to itself is labeled as 1.

Similarity Matrix

This map was taken from http://tomcat.esat.kuleuven.be/txtgate/tutorial.jsp

This is a good example of a similarity matrix.  This matrix allows the viewer to see how similar two data points are to each other.  In this example, the points that are closer to red are more similar and the points that are closer to green are less similar.  Obviously the diagonal line is all red because these are where the data points are exactly the same.

Stem and Leaf Plot

This plot was taken from http://www.analyzemath.com/statistics/stem_leaf.html

This is a good example of a Stem and Leaf Plot.  This is similar to a histogram because it lets the viewer know the shape of the data.  In this example the middle column is considered the stem and the left and right columns are the leaves.

Boxplot

This plot was taken from http://www.mathworks.com/help/stats/boxplot.html

This is a good example of a boxplot.  A boxplot allows the viewer to see the distribution of a group of data within a variable.  A boxplot is convenient because it gives the minimum values, maximum values, the interquartile range, and the mean of the data.  It also lets the viewer see how normal the data is that they are looking at.

Histogram

This map was taken from http://www.pqsystems.com/qualityadvisor/DataAnalysisTools/histogram.php

This is a good example of a histogram.  A histogram allows the viewer to see the distribution of the data and what shape the data takes.  It is also a good visual way to see how the central limit theorem works.  The data is set at continuous intervals that are connected unlike a bar graph that looks at the intervals or points discretely.

Parallel Coordinate Graph

This graph was taken from http://www.evl.uic.edu/aej/424/kyoung/Training-parallelcoordinate.html

This is a good example of a parallel coordinates graph.  This is a way to visualize high-dimensional geometry and analyzing data that has multiple variables.  This also gives a graphical way of looking at multiple correlations.

Triangle Plot

This plot was taken from http://ex-parrot.com/~chris/wwwitter/20050407-it_doesnt_matter_how_you_vote_either_way_your_planet_is_doomed.html

This is a good example of a Triangle Plot or Ternary Plot.  This is a plot that has three different variables that all add up to a single constant.  It gives the viewer a chance to look at the ratios of these variables in an equilateral triangle.

Wind Rose

This map was taken from http://vistadatavision.com/reports/wind-rose/

This is a good example of a Wind Rose.  This is a way for meteorologists to get a good view of how wind speed and direction are distributed in a single location.  In the example given, most of the wind distribution is in the easterly direction.

Climograph

This graph was taken from http://geography.ridley.on.ca/CGC1D/Students/Quebec2/Geo./Climographs.htm

This is a good example of a Climograph.  A Climograph is a pretty simple graph where it shows some basic climate measurements for a certain place or area.  This is usually the annual precipitation and annual temperature split up monthly.  This example is a graph of the Boreal Region in Quebec where the precipitation is the line and the temperature is the bars.

Population Profile

This map was taken from http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/y8331e/y8331e05.htm

This is a good example of a population profile.  This is also referred to as a population pyramid.  This is a graph that lets the viewer know the age structure for a certain country.  In this example it shows the population of Botswana by 5-year age group showing that this country has a young age structure.  It also shows the estimated deficit of the population from the AIDS epidemic.

Scatterplot

This plot was taken from http://www.netmba.com/statistics/plot/scatter/

This is a good example of a scatterplot.  A scatterplot is a type of graph where points are plotted on an X-Y axis.  It always involves two variables and it lets the viewer of the graph know what type of relationship these variables have with each other.  The explanatory variable is usually on the x-axis and the response variable is usually on the y-axis.  In this example there is a positive, linear, and medium to strong relationship.

Index Value Plot

This plot was taken from http://waterwatch.usgs.gov/?m=real&w=plot&r=nm

This is a good example of an Index Value Plot.  This type of plot chooses a value to use as a control or as "normal".  It then measures the data against this "normal" point in a dichotomous way.  This is an example of an Index Value Plot where the control for streamflow is considered normal at the value of 4.  Anything above this point is considered wet and anything below this is considered dry.

Lorenz Curve

This map was taken from http://ingrimayne.com/econ/AllocatingRationing/MeasuringIncomeDist.html

This is a good example of a Lorenz Curve.  The Lorenz Curve tries to illustrate inequality.  In this example there is the percent of income with the total number of households.  The blue line would represent complete equality while the distance that the Lorenz Curve is from the line of equality is the total inequality.

Bilateral Graph

This graph was taken from http://seekingalpha.com/article/241440-will-october-s-improved-trade-deficit-continue

This is a good example of a bilateral graph.  A bilateral graph is a plot that represents two different variables.  There are many different graphs that can represent two variables such as bar, line, or needle.  In this case the graph shows the US trade deficit with the world with the two variables being the month of the year and billions of dollars.

Nominal Area Choropleth Map

This map was taken from https://courseware.e-education.psu.edu/courses/geog482/policies.shtml

This is a good example of a Nominal Area Choropleth Map.  What makes this different than other choropleth maps is that is does not use categorical or interval/ratio data.  These maps use nominal data where there is no clear hierarchy within the data.  In this case the different minority groups are not necessarily more or less than any other minority group.

Unstandardized Choropleth Map

This map was taken from https://josephhall.org/nqb2/index.php/flwdchrplth

This is a good example of an Unstandardized Choropleth Map.  This map is unstandardized because the data has not been manipulated at all.  In this case it is just the raw data of unemployment across the United States.

Standardized Choropleth Map

This map was taken from http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/92f0138m/2008003/figures/5200001-eng.htm

This is a good example of a Standardized Choropleth Map.  The data for this map is no longer just the raw data, but it has been standardized so that it follows a normal distribution.  The reason for this data to be standardized is that the data can then be manipulated and all the normal assumptions will then apply.

Univariate Choropleth Map

This map was taken from http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/07_0091.htm

This is a good example of a Univariate Choropleth Map.  This is a univariate map because there is only one factor that is being taken into consideration.  In this case it is the percentage of individuals living in poverty by county.  There are no other variables that are involved in making this map.

Bivariate Choropleth Map

This map was taken from http://voices.washingtonpost.com/ezra-klein/2010/04/the_red_state_ripoff.html

This is a good example of a Bivariate Choropleth Map.  The thing that makes this a bivariate map is that there are only two variables in consideration in this map.  It implies that there is a dichotomy between the variables so an electoral map is a good example.

Unclassed Choropleth Map

This map was taken from http://www.buzzfeed.com/jonah/suicide-maps-charts-and-graphs

This is a good example of an unclassed choropleth map.  This map is considered unclassed because there is not a real dividing line for the data.  That data is not broken into different "classes" where there is a range of data in each class.

Classed Choropleth Map

This map was taken from http://courses.washington.edu/info424/Labs/ChoroplethMap.html

This is a good example of a Classed Choropleth Map.  A classed choropleth map is not really different from another choropleth map except intervals are created to express the data more simply.  In this example the one-year forecast change in jobs is set up in equal classes so that the colors can be easily differentiated.

Range Graded Proportional Circle Map

This map was taken from http://www.e-cartouche.ch/content_reg/cartouche/cartdesign/en/html/ThemMaps_ThemData.html

This is a good example of a Range Graded Proportional Circle Map.  These maps use circles to show different ranges of data.  Instead of using exact sizes for circles, it uses a variance of size.  In this case it shows inhabitants of the communes in the area of Zurich, Switzerland.

Continuously Variable Proportional Circle Map

This map was taken from http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-004-03/

This is a good example of a Continuously Variable Proportional Circle Map.  This map uses different sized circles to emphasize an amount where a larger circle means a larger amount.

DOQQ Map

This map was taken from http://www.tceq.texas.gov/gis/doqtnrcc.html

This is a good example of a DOQQ Map.  DOQQ stands for Digital Orthophoto Quadrangle.  This type of map is an aerial photo or a satellite image that has been corrected so that it is aligned with latitude and longitude lines.  In this example and aerial photo of the Texas Longhorns Stadium has been converted to a DOQQ Map.

DEM Map

This map was taken from http://tahoe.usgs.gov/DEM.html

This is a good example of a DEM Map.  DEM stands for Digital Elevation Model.  This is pretty much a three dimensional representation of a terrain's surface.  In this example the Lake Tahoe Basin is modeled digitally.

DLG Map

This map was taken from http://www.dlg.nsw.gov.au/dlg/dlghome/dlg_regions.asp?region=region&regiontype=3

This is a good example of a DLG Map.  DLG stands for Digital Line Graphic.  This is a cartographic map feature represented in digital vector form that is distributed by the U.S. Geological Survey.  A map like this one can be produced with the data from the USGS.

DRG Map

This map was taken from http://www.tceq.texas.gov/gis/drg.html

This is a good example of a DRG map.  DRG stands for Digital Raster Graphic.  These are scanned images of the U.S. Geological Survey topographic maps.  This example seems to be an image of a town in Texas that is separated by the Colorado River.

Isopach Map

This map was taken from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isopach_maphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isopach_map

This is a good example of an isopach map.  It tries to illustrate thickness variations within a unit.  Isopachs are contour lines that shows equal thickness over an area.  This example shows the thickness of sediments off the pacific coast.

Isohyets Map

This map was taken from http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/AK0808/S00090.htm

This is a good example of an Isohyets Map.  Isohyets are contour lines that show equal areas of precipitation on a map.  In this map it shows a portion in New Zealand where precipitation is the same and measured by the isohyets.

Isotach Map

This map was taken from http://stresscretegroup.com/technical-resources/wind-maps/american-isotach-wind-map.asp

This is a good example of an Isotach map.  An isotachs are lines on a map that show equal or constant wind speeds.  In this example the map shows the different winds speeds in sections of the United States and where these speeds are similiar.

Isobar Map

This map was taken from https://www.nc-climate.ncsu.edu/edu/k12/.IsobarIsotherm

This is a good example of a Isobar Map.  In terms of meteorology, isobars are contour lines that connect equal points of atmospheric pressure.  This is a map of the United States where isobars are overlayed to show high and low pressure systems.

LIDAR

This map was taken from http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories/s798.htm

This is a good example of a LIDAR map.  LIDAR stands for Light Detection And Ranging.  It uses a laser to estimate distance on the earth's surface from the laser.  The example here shows a LIDAR map of the lower end of Manhattan where the change in color shows higher elevations.

Doppler Radar Map

This map was taken from http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2004/s2336.htm

This is a good example of a doppler radar map.  These maps use the doppler effect to show weather patterns.  This is an example of a doppler radar map that shows hurricane Ivan coming from the Gulf of Mexico onto the mainland.

Infrared Aerial Photo

This map was taken from http://www.aerialarchives.com/Infrared-Aerial-Photography.htm

This is a good example of an Infrared Aerial Photo.  This is a photo that is taken from above the land with an infrared camera that can pick colors on different areas of the color spectrum then the human eye.  In this example an infrared aerial photo is taken over the Sacramento San Joaquin river delta to see if there are any environmental changes.

Cartographic Animation

This map was taken from http://www.viewsoftheworld.net/?cat=8&paged=2

This is a good example of a cartographic animation.  An animation in cartography is some sort of graphic art that occurs in time where it is shown on a map.  This example show annual precipitation throughout the world in an animated cartogram, but it shows it month to month in an animation.

Statistical Map

This map was taken from http://seattlebubble.com/blog/2006/09/11/mapping-housing-market-health/

This is a good example of a statistical map.  These maps take some sort of statistical data and place them on a map to try to convey information.  This is an example of median household income loss.  So that there are not just numbers on the map, the legend offers colors split into categories.

Cartogram

This map was taken from http://bigthink.com/strange-maps/96-a-cartogram-of-the-worlds-population

This map is a good example of a cartogram.  The idea of a cartogram is to use some sort of data, like population, that is substituted for the land area in the given map.  In this example the world's population is shown for each country by changing the land mass for each country based on how big their population is.

Flow Map

This map was taken from http://www.spokanestreetdepartment.org/flowmaps.htm

This is a good example of a flow map.  It shows how dense the traffic can be in Spokane, WA.  The idea of a flow map is to show how a subject of interest moves through a spatial area.  It is also a map that attempts to show the density that subject moves through the area.

Isoline Map

This map was taken from http://www.kidsgeo.com/geography-for-kids/0034-isolines.php

This is a good example of an Isoline Map.  An Isoline Map has continuous lines that connect joining points of the same value.  Isolines are placed on top of an existing spatial map to show things like precipitation, general weather, and wind speeds.  Here the isolines quickly show the distribution of wind speeds in the United States.

Proportional Circle Map

This map was taken from http://personal.frostburg.edu/mtmaier0/maps.htm

This is a good example of a proportional circle map.  This is an example of where the highest traffic fatalities occur in the United States by varying the size of the circle on the map based on how large the number the number is accompanying the state.  The problem I see with this map is that the highest traffic fatalities go with the states with the highest population.

Chorpleth Map

This map was taken from http://my.ilstu.edu/~jrcarter/Geo204/Choro/Tom/

This is a good example of a Choropleth Map.  This is a map that uses different colors or shades of colors in predefined aerial units.  This specific map shows the percent of persons who are Hispanic or Latino in Florida by county from the 2000 census.  It uses a sequential color-scheme because this is the best color scheme to use when dealing with quantitative data.

Propaganda Map

This map was taken from http://bigthink.com/strange-maps/48-nil-nazi-war-aims

This is a good example of a propaganda map.  This map tries to influence those in Germany to join the Nazi way by showing them those areas of Europe that they plan on conquering in the coming years.

Hypsometric Map

This map was taken from http://www.reliefshading.com/colors/hypsometric.html

This is a good example of a hypsometric map.  A hypsometric map is a type of relief map that represents elevation through colors.  These are best used at small scales so that the distinction between the colors can be seen well.  This is shown here in a small portion of the country of France.

PLSS Map

This map was taken from http://www.ak.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/plss.html

This is a good example of a PLSS map using the Public Land Survey System.  This is the PLSS in Alaska.  The PLSS system is used in America to survey and spatially identify land parcels before they are given over to ownership.  In this map, any location of Alaska can be found using this system.

Cadastral Map

This map was taken from http://www.cadastraltemplate.org/countrydata/au.htm

This is a good example of a cadastral map.  It shows where the property lines are drawn of a neighborhood in Victoria, Australia.  This shows how big each lot line is and where they begin and end.

Thematic Map

This map was taken from http://soils.usda.gov/use/thematic/images/drought_1_gen_area_map.jpg

This is a good example of a thematic map where the theme is the soil moisture of the contiguous united states.  In this map the story is not about a demographic statistic or something that is bounded by man-made boundaries, but it is about what is going on under the surface that cannot be mapped generally based on boundaries.  The map of the United States overlayed is just a reference.

Topographic Map

This map was taken from http://mail.colonial.net/~hkaiter/topographic_maps.html

This is a good example of a topographic map using contour lines.  This clearly helps to show relief of a mountain or a hill with a plateau of the summit.  Looking at this map, you can see specific elevations and where these elevations change and what altitude they are.